Consumption rate of the parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani on greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood
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عنوان دوره: سومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran,
2Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, iran
چکیده
The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hem., Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important insect pests that causes damage to the vegetable and other horticultural crops. Because of failure and expenses of chemical control, many researches were directed to developing biological control by searching for efficient natural enemies of whiteflies. The parasitoid wasps such as Eretmocerus are one of the most important biological control agents that used against greenhouse whitefly. Eretmocerus delhiensis Mani (Hym., Aphelinidae) is a native and active biocontrol agent in Khuzestan province, Iran. The aims of current research are to determine efficacy of consumption rate of E. delhiensis as a parasitoid on T. vaporariorum feeding on tomato leaves. We chose infested tomato leaves, each included 25 nymphal instars. Leaves were fixed individually on a piece of moist filter paper in a 10-cm Petri dish to avoid desiccation. A few drops of water were occasionally added to the filter paper to keep them moist during the experiments. It was done daily until the death of the parasitoid wasp. The experiments were conducted using 50 replicates. Then, the consumption rate of E. delhiensis was calculated on nymphal instars on T. vaporariorum using consumption rate analysis with CONSUME-MSChart software. All experiments were conducted at controlled conditions of 25±1°C, 60 ±5%RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). Results showed that in addition to parasitism, the parasitoid wasp E. delhiensis also had predatory behavior through which it killed the nymphs of T. vaporariorum by its ovipositor for host-feeding. After 7 days, killed hosts by host-feeding behavior were flattened and desiccated. Moreover, the daily consumption rate, the net consumption rate (C0), total consumption rate, the mean consumption rate of effective predator, age-stage consumption rate and maximum consumption rate of the female adult were 2.12, 6.33, 456, 6.42, 15.18 and 18.01 preys / predator, respectively. Likewise, the consumption rate of E. delhiensis on 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th nymphal stages of greenhouse whitefly, T. vaporariorum were calculated as 2.10, 5.25, 3.69 and 1.69 nymph / predator, respectively. Clearly, this parasitoid kills its hosts not only by parasitism but also by host-feeding. Hence, it can be a promising candidate for biological control of greenhouse whitefly in biological programs
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