Designing an advanced catch-and-release trap for microbial control of date horned beetle Oryctes elegans by Metarhizium anisopliae
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نویسندگان
Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran,
چکیده
A catch and release tarp was designed to investigate the possibility of microbial control of the horned beetle Oryctes elegans by Metarhizium anisopliae. The apparatus consisted of an insect attractant, stopping plate, funnel collector and main vessel. The M. anisopliae was kept as liquid solution in this vessel. All experiments were carried out in a wooden box (100 × 200 × 90 cm) at field conditions by installing the traps in the center of the box and releasing 20 beetles from an opining made on one side of the box. In this way, 3 treatments including aggregative pheromone, aggregation pheromone plus attracting food and plain food attractant each replicated 3 times were applied to investigate suitable attractant traps for catching beetles. The food attractant contained 20 gr of apical meristem tissue of the date palm tree. In another experiment 5 different times (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds) and 5 different concentrations of the fungus (104, 105, 106, 107 and 108 spore/ml) were tested to standardize the duration of the insect contact with the fungus and its most effective concentration. Results showed that the trap with dimensions of 350×350×650 mm proved to catch the highest number of beetles (10 ± 1.4 insect / trap). Similarly, the highest and the lowest catches were recorded in aggregation pheromone plus attracting food treatment (4±0.8 insect/trap) and plain food attractant (1 ± 0.3 insect/trap), respectively. The peak of insect population counted in traps occurred in the first night of the experiment at 8:00 pm in all treatments. The suitable time and concentration for maximum inoculating of male and female beetles were 54.3 and 55.4 seconds and 4.14 × 104 and 4.36 × 104 spore/ml, respectively. A complementary field experiment is required before any applied recommendation is drawn from the present results considering the pest population decrease due to the microbial contamination.
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