Effect of fumigant and digestive toxicity of essential oils from two growth stages of Artemisia annua on cellular immune system of lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis
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عنوان دوره: سومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran,
2Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran,
چکیده
In contrast to synthetic insecticides that have problem of resistance and high residual levels, the use of natural insecticides has long been thought as an attractive alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides. Many essential oils of plants have a broad spectrum of activity against insects ranging from insecticidal, anti-feedant, repellent, oviposition deterrent, growth regulatory and their immune functions. The genus Artemisia with more than 300 different species is a member of a large plant family Asteracea (Compositae) encompassing. Extract and essential oil of Artemisia annua have shown considerable toxicity on several insect pests along with different physiological disorders on immune responses, nutrition, reproduction, and intermediary metabolism. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of essential oils isolated from vegetative and flowering stages of A. annuaon on the cellular immunity and phenoloxidase activity of the 4th instar larvae of Glyphodes pyloalis through fumigant and digestive exposure. Total and differentiate hemocyte numbers, nodule formation and phenoloxidase activity before Beauveria bassiana and latex beads were significantly decreased in comparison with controls and a clear dose-response relationship was established with respect to immune reactions. THC reached to 312.33 and 342.66 (cells ×104 / ml) in LC50 after treating the larvae with digestive toxicity in Vegetative and Flowering stage, respectively. Results showed that vegetative stage extract was more effective compared with that of flowering stage in damaging on immune system of the insect. Moreover, it was obviously shown in this study that fumigation application of the oils was more effective in decreasing immunity compared with that of digestive. Therefore, it is concluded that essential oils of A. annua could provide effective control of G. pyloalis through negative effects on its immune cells. The affected insects may be more vulnerable to insect pathogens due to their decremented immunity.
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