Evaluation of Silica nanoparticles loaded with deltamethrin insecticide on the small and large larvae of Trogoderma granarium
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عنوان دوره: سومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran,
چکیده
The Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most important pests of stored products. Resistance of pests to synthetic pesticides, adverse effects on non-target and beneficial organisms and their environmental hazards increased the tendency to use low-risk methods for stored products protection. One of the new methods of pest control is the production and application of nanopesticides utilized to reduce the risks of chemical pesticides with control release technique of active ingredient from nanoparticles. Nanopesticides also protect pesticides from degradation due to environmental factors such as light, heat, etc. Therefore, in this study silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized by sol-gel technique and used as insecticide carrier. Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide registered in many countries for direct application on grain in storage and silos. In this experiment, the insecticidal efficacy of deltamethrin and silica nanoparticles loaded with deltamethrin (D-SNPs) at 0.5 ppm concentration was evaluated against small and large larvae of T. granarium on wheat grains (Chamran var.). Two control groups containing wheat grains treated with distilled water and treated with non-loaded silica nanoparticles were performed. Glass vials were shaken manually for 5 min to obtain an even distribution of the material on the grain mass. Subsequently, 10 larvae were introduced to each vial covered with muslin cloth to provide sufficient ventilation. The experiments were replicated nine times. The vials were kept in an incubator at 30 °C, 65% RH and total darkness. The mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after exposure. Results indicated that in both small and large larvae, the mortality increased with increasing exposure time. Deltamethrin caused 45 and 33% mortality on small and large larvae after 7 days, respectively, and it increased to 70 and 61% after 14 days. Generally, the toxicity of nanosilica loaded with deltamethrin was significantly higher compared with that of deltamethrin in all exposure times. Thereby, 100 and 78% mortality were obtained in small and large larvae 14 days after exposure to nanosilica loaded with deltamethrin. According to the results, small larvae were more susceptible compared to large larvae in both treatments. It could be concluded that the use of nanoparticles increased the contact exposure of the insects with insecticide and eventually increased mortality.
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