Effects of different phosphorous fertilizer formulations on the corn stem borer infestation
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عنوان دوره: سومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
چکیده
The corn stems borer Sesamia cretica Led (Lepidoptera. Noctuidae) is the second important corn stem borer in Iran. Different insecticides are recommended for controlling stem borers but their behavior and damage, as larvae bore into stem, prevents complete control. Therefore, some agronomic methods such as fertilization may play a role in pest population decline and an increase in the populations of useful insect and are considered suitable alternatives for controlling this pest. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer is one of the essential elements needed in plants for ATP production and nucleic acids synthesis (RNA and DNA), resulting in protein production, therefore, its limitation can impose severe consequences on cellular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different phosphorous fertilizer formulations on the corn stem borer infestation in natural condition. Treatments included slow-release (Inoloc) (10 kg / ha), liquid (Inophus) (10 L / ha) and Triple phosphate (350 kg / ha) P fertilizers and control. Yield, plant density, plant height, dead heart, percentage of stem infestation and percentage of infected internodes were investigated under field conditions using a randomized complete block design. Experiments were carried out on a corn (single-cross 704 cultivar) field during summer 2017. For sampling, 40 plants were selected randomly in each plot and were investigated for borer infestation. Sampling was started one month after planting and continued at 2 week intervals. The results showed that P Inoloc fertilizer application had the highest yield, plant density and plant height compared to other treatments. Similarly, yield and its components in treatment of P Inophus fertilizer and triple phosphate were also significantly different with control treatment. The lowest and the highest dead heart were related to the application of P Inoloc fertilizer treatment with 8.50% and the control treatment with 29.75%. In the study of stems before harvest, the slow-release phosphorus treatment with 10% stem infected showed a significant decrease compared to control and other treatments. The results of this study showed that the percentage of infected internode in control treatment with 1.26% showed a significant increase compared to liquid phosphorus (Inophus) (0.47%) and triple phosphate (0.46%). Also no internode infected was observed in P Inoloc treatment. Based on the results of this research, formulation of slow-release phosphorus fertilizer, can reduce corn stem borer infestation in addition to increasing corn yield, thereby, it is recommend using in corn stem borer management.
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