Interaction between Leishmania parasite and sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis
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عنوان دوره: سومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
چکیده
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease being endemic in more than half of the provinces of Iran. The causative agent of this disease is Leishmania protozoa transmitted to human through the bites of phlebotomine sand flies. This study reviews the growth and development of Leishmania in the body of sand flies at the molecular level. First, a narrative review was carried out by searching the Keywords of Leishmania, sand fly, phlebotomus and lutzomyia in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, SID, Web of Science, OvidMedline, and Google Scholar search engine. The studied articles were those published on the interaction between the sand fly vectors and Leishmania parasite until 2018. The parasites grow when they encounter natural barriers in the body of the sand flies, including proteolysis enzymes, peritrophic membrane, excretion of the digestive system and immune system in sand fly vectors. Successful attachment of Leishmania to sand fly digestive tract determines the ability of sand fly to support the development of parasite, which leads to the transmission of leishmaniasis. In non-vector sand fly species the Leishmania parasite do not attach to the epithelial cell of sand fly gut and would be excreted. Studies on the development and life cycle of Leishmania within the body of sand flies are of most importance due to the spread of leishmaniasis in Iran and the world, difficulty in their control, and lack of effective vaccine products against leishmaniasis. The findings of the current study aimed at identifying and enhancing the natural barriers to the development of Leishmania in sand fly vectors and introducing new strategies for the control of leishmaniasis
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