Identification of some arthropods related to Eulecanium tiliae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on cherry orchards of Sahneh (Kermanshah province)
عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
چکیده
Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758) with common name of Nut scale, is a polyphagous scale insect attacking various fruit trees in Iran. It has one generation per year and 2nd nymphs are overwintering stage. The injury caused by E. tiliae is primarily from feeding activity and sucking of resources needed for plant growth. In woody parts, the stylets penetrate to the cambium and kill tissues through the toxic effects of saliva. High populations, can cause death of branches, twigs and degeneration of chloroplasts on leaves. Female adults of E. tiliae produce honeydew which causes growth of sooty molds and reduces photosynthesis, causing general plant debilitation. Pesticides are usually not useful in control of these pest as a result of their hard and thick scale and large amount of honeydew. Observations show that the dead body of post-reproducing E. tiliae females may remain on the host tree for a year after emergence of the first-instar nymphs. The dead body’s brood chamber which is located beneath the female’s venter acts as a suitable shelter for minute associated arthropods, especially during winter time. A sampling program carried out during overwintering period of E. tiliae from late 2016 to early 2017 in an infected cherry orchard of Sahneh (Kermanshah province, Iran; 34̊ 29' 09" N, 47º 41' 29" E, Altitude: 1376.5 m). In this survey, some related mites and insects were collected and identified by examination of infested host branches and searching under scales body, during overwintering nymphal period of this scale insect. After macerating in lactic acid, permanent mounts were made using Hoyer's solution. Mounted specimens were studied by means of a microscope (Olympus BX 51) and identified by related keys and descriptions. During this study two species from one family of Thysanoptera and five species, belonging to four families of Acari were identified and listed as follow: Insects: Family Phlaeothripidae Uzel, 1895: Cephalothrips coxalis Bagnall, 1926; Haplothrips flavicinctus (Karny, 1910). Mites: Family Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1916: Paraseiulus talbii (Athias-Henriot, 1960); Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan, 1967; Family Iolinidae Pritchard, 1956: Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor, 1932); Family Caligonellidae Grandjean, 1944: Molothrognathus sp.; Family Cheyletidae Leach, 1815: Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876). An adult of Mymaridae wasp has also collected from parasitized scales but further study on it was impossible because of damaged body. More studies on scales related arthropods can help to protect their useful biological control agents in IPM programs of orchards.
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