Chemical manipulation of different tissues in oak trees by galls produced by cynipids
عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
چکیده
Cynipids are parasites that well known for their ability to alter host plant morphology and physiology, including the distribution of plant defense and nutrient compounds. To date three methods have been developed for the adaptive nature of plant galls: nutrition, enemy avoidance and microenvironment. A randomized completed block design with four replications was used for study of different metabolites concentration in cynipid galls,including total nitrogen, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, condensed tannin and total tannin. Galls induced by two wasps species (Cynips divisa Harting and Neuroterus quercusbaccarum L.) on oak were compared with galled and un-galled leaf tissues during growth season. also different metabolites concentration between two types of gall tissues were compared.Galls tissues generally had the higher concentrations of total phenolic, total tannin and condensed tannin than galled and un-galled leaf during growth season. gall produced by C. divisa had higher concentration of total phenolic and total tannin than that produced by N. quercusbaccarum . But the concentration of condensed tannin in galls produced by N.quercusbaccarumwas higher. In term of metabolites, the results showed significant differences between galled and un-galled leaf tissues. Gall tissues generally had the lower levels of nitrogen, soluble and insoluble carbohydrate, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids and the higher soluble protein concentration than un-galled tissues. During growth season above mentioned metabolites concentration in two gall species significantly increased.These findings suggest that, generaly the relationships between leaf galled tissues and adjacent un-galled leaf tissues were complex and influenced by gall species and growth stage of galls.
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