Preparation and acaricide activity test of two nanoformulation of Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) essential oil against Tetranychus urticae (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)

عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
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چکیده
The purpose of this study was characterization and preparation of chitosan/ sodium tripolyphosphat (CS/TPP) and Chitosan/ Carrageenan (CS/k-CAR) nanoparticles of Achillea millefolium essential oil and evaluation of its acaricidal activity against adult of Tetranychus urticae Koch. Controlled release by nanoencapsulated formulations allow the essential oil to be used more effectively over a given time interval, suitability to mode of application and decrease of environmental side effects. Using different formulations of essential oils and their changes that could increase the quality and the effectiveness on pest control, is one of the main pillar in the fight against pests. On the other hand, choice of formulation depends on physical factors, chemical and biological properties of essential oils, the effects, usage and product type. In this respect, the encapsulation of essential oils by using nano-capsules allows the essential oils to be enhanced longer biological effect, maintain and controlled release of active ingredients. In this study two types of CS/A.EO/TPP and CS/A.EO/k-CAR nano-formulations were prepared with equal amounts of Achillea plant essential oil. Both formulations were evaluated against two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari:Tetranychidae) by 24 hours exposure. Experiments were carried out at 26±1 , 65±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). Results showed that LC50 and LC90 values of the CS/A.EO/TPP nano-formulations and the CS/A.EO/k-CAR nano-formulation were 8, 34 μl/l, 14 and 58.75 μl/l air, respectively. The results indicated that CS/A.EO/TPP nanoformulation at the first times was more toxic than that of the CS/A.EO/k-CAR nano-formulation. Fumigant lethality test revealed the slow and persistent release of the Achillea millefolium L. essential oil, proving the effectiveness of chitosan and carrageenan nano-encapsulation in prolonging the acaricidal effect. The CS/K-CAR and CS/TPP nanoformulations increased the longevity of lethal activity. So that the persistance of the essential oil in both formulations was 80% in 5 day. In addition, the CS/K-CAR nano-formulation retained its lethality effect 120 hours longer than the CS/TPP nanoformulation.
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