Fumigant and sublethal toxicity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oils on adults of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, in laboratory conditions
عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
چکیده
In order to control of cotton aphid Aphisgossypii Glover in greenhouses, vegetable oils are considered an alternative to chemical pesticides. In this study, the toxic effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oils on cotton aphid adults were studied. Chamomile shoots were collected from Pasture village of Urmia and seeds of Cumin from Seed Research West Azarbaijan.The essential oils were prepared by hydro distillation method, using a Clevenger-type apparatus and dehydrated using dry sodium sulfate and stored in glass containers with a volume of 5 ml with aluminum cover on the refrigerator at 4 °C. Bioassay carried out in temperature 27 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity 65 ± 5% with 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. To determine LC50, five concentrations for chamomile 9.84, 14.66, 21.67. 32.03 and 47.38 and for cumin 19.67, 27.28, 37.64, 51.97 and 71.74 µl/ liter of air along with control (distil water) and to determine LT50 by using LC50 concentration of essential oils at different times 2, 7, 12, 18 and 24 hours by probit program was analyzed. Each concentration in three replicates on 60 adult insects with food material (leaves, cucumber) was used. Different concentrations of each essential oil on filter paper on the inside of the door glass with 305 ml capacity was poured. To study the sublethal effect essential oils, concentration of LC25 in completely randomized design experiment with three treatments (two main treatments and control with three replicates per treatment on 20 adults insect) analyzed by one way Anova and compared mean with tukey HSD α= 0.05. LC50 values of chamomile and cumin on adults of A. gossypii were 19.01 and 37.36 µl/ liter of air, and LT50 values 11.41 and 13.88 hours, respectively.
The net reproduction rate (R0) in treatments of chamomile and cumin were obtained 9.9 and 13.15 female/female/generate respectively which showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control treatment (60.4). The intrinsic rate of population growth (rm) of both chamomile and cumin (0.23 and 0.23 female/female/day) and control (0.32) were not significantly different from each other. The finite rate (λ) of population growth in two isolates showed no significant difference and mean genitive time (T) for controls and chamomile and cumin were calculated as 12.54, 9.94 and 11.06 days, respectively.
The net reproduction rate (R0) in treatments of chamomile and cumin were obtained 9.9 and 13.15 female/female/generate respectively which showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control treatment (60.4). The intrinsic rate of population growth (rm) of both chamomile and cumin (0.23 and 0.23 female/female/day) and control (0.32) were not significantly different from each other. The finite rate (λ) of population growth in two isolates showed no significant difference and mean genitive time (T) for controls and chamomile and cumin were calculated as 12.54, 9.94 and 11.06 days, respectively.
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