Effect of different vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on host preference and some biological characteristics of Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae)
عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
چکیده
The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most important pests on tomato. Vermicompost may enhance plant growth and resistance against some pests and diseases. In this research, the effect of four vermicomposts, obtained from different organic sources (pistachio waste (PWV), date waste (DWV), cattle manure waste (CMV), and food waste (FWV)), as well as two chemical fertilizers: complete fertilizer (CF) and NPK fertilizer (NPK) was investigated on adult attraction, oviposition preference and performance of immature of B. tabaci on tomato plants (antibiosis resistance). The seeds of tomato, (variety CH-Felat) were planted in plastic pots containing 70% sterile plant growth media (BAGA) and 30% (v:v) of each vermicompost. Control treatments were filled by 100% BAGA. Adult attraction and oviposition preference (antixenosis) were evaluated in free choice assays (Completely Randomized Design, 7 treatments, and 7 replications). One pot containing two-four-leaf tomato seedling of each above mentioned treatments were arranged randomly around a circle inside a ventilated cage. Fifty pairs of adult B. tabaci (4-day old), were released in the center the cage. After 72 hours from releasing, the number of whiteflies on each plant was counted. The mean values were exposed to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software. The adults of B. tabaci showed a low tendency for feeding and laying eggs on plants grown in vermicompost while tomato plants which had received NPK fertilizer were the most attractive to adults (10.34 ± 3.21 per unit area of leaf). However, the plants grown in PWV attracted the least number of the adults (0.53 ± 0.068). In no choice experiment, adult whiteflies laid significantly fewer eggs in PWV group in comparison with control, CF and NPK groups (P<0.01); other treatments had average values. Fertilization had significant effect on pre-adult development time of B. tabaci, the longest development times were recorded for plants treated with PWV (24.65 d) and FWV (22.04 d). The pre-adult mortality of B. tabaci increased significantly following fertilization, the greatest mortal effects were observed in PWV (54.11%) and DWV (44.68%) groups. Plants fertilized with PWV had significantly higher phenolic content (10 mg/mL) than control (BAGA) (6.08 mg/mL), while those in CMV group exhibited intermediary value (7.28 mg/mL). The results of this study revealed both antixenosis (non-preference) and antibiosis (decreased survival and prolonged development time) resistances of tomato plants mediated by vermicomposts and plants treated with PWV showed the best results in terms of resistance to B. tabaci.
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