Influence of pheromone trap height and placement on catch of male plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana Treitschke in Moghan region
عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
چکیده
Plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana Treitschke, is one of the serious pests of Rosaceae species in different parts around the world. This pest was introduced to Iran during 1940 and restricts production of Plum orchards. The larvae feed on the fruits of Prunus spp., especially Prunus domestica (L.). Damage is due to the trophic activity of larvae in fruit. Chemical control is the main method for combating the Plum fruit moth populations in different parts around the world including Iran and unfortunately, these applications are mostly calendar base. Mass trapping application of synthetic pheromone has been found to be effective to control G. funebrana; however, several factors have to be optimized for improving its efficiency. This experiment was carried out during the 2016 season, Moghan region, Ardabil province, Iran to evaluate the effectiveness of pheromone trap to capture males for future development of a mass trapping technique, and a subsequent decrease in insect reproduction. Delta traps were placed at 20 m from each other, to avoid interference between traps. Traps were checked daily from 2 April - 15 June 2016.The area of selected orchard was 2 ha. The efficacy of delta traps placement (stem, branch (1 m distance from stem) and pole (installed at 2 m distance from tree)), placed at three heights (1, 2 and 3 m) on the capture of male moths was evaluated in this experiment. The treatments were replicated three times. The results showed that pole suspended traps captured significantly (P < 0.05) more males than stem and branch traps. Traps placed at 3 m captured significantly (P < 0.05) the highest number of the moths in comparison to traps placed at 1 and 2 m. In conclusion, use of pole suspended traps at 3 m height, would allow for a greater efficacy in the captures of G. funebrana. Since there are many factors that can affect the effectiveness of these control methods, it is important to conduct studies that confirm the effectiveness of pheromone use as a control technique for specific crop conditions where the moth constitutes an economically important pest.
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