Studying the insecticidal effect of extract & powder of Melia azedarach L. fruit on Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col. Tenebrionidae)
عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction: Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col. Tenebrionidae) is a major pest of stored products, especially flour in tropical and subtropical areas. The fumigant chemicals and radioactive substances used to control stored product pests both have an irreversible effect on human health and environment. Application of secondary metabolite as the pesticide in recent decades; due to its low toxicity for humans and rapid decomposition causes extensive use of them to control agricultural pests especially stored product pests. According to many studies, leave and fruit of Melia azedarach L. plant have pesticidal properties, like ovicidal and larvicidal effect on insects. In this study, our goal was to evaluate the toxicity of M. azadirach powder and extract on T. castaneum at various doses after different time periods.
Materials and Methods: The initial population of T. castaneum collected from Entomological Laboratory of Shahid Bahonar University. In this study, the insecticidal effect of Melia powder and extract were examined on Tribolium adults at 25± 5 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, in a dark condition. Mortality percentage of T. castaneum by Melia fruit extract calculated in three concentrations (10, 50 and 80 g/ml) after 12, 24 & 36 hours and also by Melia fruit powder at four different dosages (3, 4, 5 and 6 gr) after 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours respectively. Bioassay was conducted in a completely randomized design in Petri-dish with 4 replications. Variance analyses of data were compared by using SPSS v22 software and in the case of significance, by Tukey’s test at 5% level.
Results and Discussions: Based on the results, mortality increased with the passage of time. The lowest and highest mortality of T. castaneum was in M. azedarach fruit extract treatment in 10 & 80 g/ml after 12 & 36 hours (%17.50± 2.50 & %81.75 ± 11.89 respectively) respectively. Also the highest and lowest mortality rate of adult insects were obtained when it is Melia fruit powder was used at the dose of 3 and 6 grams after 24 & 96hours (3.33 ± 2.36% & %92.00± 5.89 respectively) respectively. High mortality rate may be due to the inability of insect feeding or starvation. Also fruit of this plant have a combination of triterpnoids especially lymonoids and various acids that have insecticidal properties as well as growth and metamorphosis inhibition. The results of this study can provide useful information to control flour beetle and the production of safe products.
Materials and Methods: The initial population of T. castaneum collected from Entomological Laboratory of Shahid Bahonar University. In this study, the insecticidal effect of Melia powder and extract were examined on Tribolium adults at 25± 5 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, in a dark condition. Mortality percentage of T. castaneum by Melia fruit extract calculated in three concentrations (10, 50 and 80 g/ml) after 12, 24 & 36 hours and also by Melia fruit powder at four different dosages (3, 4, 5 and 6 gr) after 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours respectively. Bioassay was conducted in a completely randomized design in Petri-dish with 4 replications. Variance analyses of data were compared by using SPSS v22 software and in the case of significance, by Tukey’s test at 5% level.
Results and Discussions: Based on the results, mortality increased with the passage of time. The lowest and highest mortality of T. castaneum was in M. azedarach fruit extract treatment in 10 & 80 g/ml after 12 & 36 hours (%17.50± 2.50 & %81.75 ± 11.89 respectively) respectively. Also the highest and lowest mortality rate of adult insects were obtained when it is Melia fruit powder was used at the dose of 3 and 6 grams after 24 & 96hours (3.33 ± 2.36% & %92.00± 5.89 respectively) respectively. High mortality rate may be due to the inability of insect feeding or starvation. Also fruit of this plant have a combination of triterpnoids especially lymonoids and various acids that have insecticidal properties as well as growth and metamorphosis inhibition. The results of this study can provide useful information to control flour beetle and the production of safe products.
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