Impact of magnetic field on spirodiclofen effectiveness in controlling Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Phaseolus vulgaris under semi-field conditions
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عنوان دوره: سومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran,
2Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
3Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran,
چکیده
Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest. Its recent frequent chemical control has resulted in developing resistance of the pest to pesticides. Applying reduced doses of pesticides has advantages such as reduction in environment pollutions, lowering the control costs and resistance management. According to the literature review, pesticides efficiency can be improved by flowing the water used for pesticide applications through a magnetic field. The water used as a diluent in chemical plant protection possesses properties which may negatively affect their biological effectiveness in pest control. Water properties include pH reaction, hardness (minerals solved in water, mainly calcium and magnesium) and organic molecules suspended in water, the so called “dirty water”. In this study, the acaricidal activity of spirodiclofen treated with a magnetic field was evaluated against the pest on Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Naz. Treatments included suspensions made from distilled water and well water after passing five times at a moderate speed through a constant magnetic field of 0.42 Tesla. Furthermore, two additional treatments were made by magnetizing the suspension preparations. In control treatments both distilled and well waters were used without using magnetic field treatment. Fifteen female adults carefully were transferred to each plant and the acaricide was applied 7 and 14 days after the infestation using LC50 dose (3.1 mg (AI) /L).The motile forms were counted in situ, right before and 7, 14 and 21 days after the treatment. The treatments effectiveness was calculated by using Henderson-Tilton formula. As an overall conclusion, except in one treatment (passing the well water through the magnetic field) in which the efficiency was negative 21 days after application (approximately -11%), magnetic field treatments could enhance the efficiency of the acaricide. The highest values were recorded for magnetized well water and magnetized distilled water plus acaricide treatments during 7 to 21 days after spray (~ 77%). Concerning the employment of the industrial adjuvant named PCGATE in this research, it could be concluded that enhancing the acaricide efficiency may not be associated with decreasing the surface tension factor due to magnetic field. This study suggests the usefulness of magnetic field as an environment-friendly method to increase the effectiveness of the plant protection products.
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