TUNGSTIQUES IN AMAZONIAN AREA
عنوان دوره: دومین کنگره بین المللی حشره شناسی ایران
نویسندگان
چکیده
Background. Tungiasis is a neglected parasitic skin disease due to the female sand flea Tunga (or Sarcopsylla penetrans). It is an important health problem in poor tropical communities. The first case of this disease was described in 1526 on crew members from C. Columbus ‘s Santa Maria, after a stopover in Haïti. Then, ship routes spread the flea to the whole world, mostly in Latin America and in Africa with illegal sand ballast sailed from Brazil, but studies are seldom on knowledge and treatment of this ectoparasite. After penetration into the skin, commonly on the feet, Tunga penetrans undergoes an hypertrophy and few days later, the abdominal segment have enlarged up to the size of about one centimeter.
Observations. This parasitic disease is common in Amazonian area. It is frequent in French Guyana, among the people living in the forest, where children and adults walk barefoot, but there is no epidemiological study on it. In a village of native Amerindian in Colombia, a study, during 10 years, detected 942 cases. Severe cases (>20 lesions) occurred among children and elderly, with complications such as pain, infection, toe deformities. 3 patients died due to sepsis from the toe infections. In this area, 62% of the dogs are infected. In Fortaleza area (Brazil), 142 cases were identified, with a mean of 17 lesions (from 1 to 98 lesions), with nail loss (46%), abcesses (42%), deformation of digits (25%) and walking difficulty (59%). The prevalence varied according to the season from 14,8% of cases in january (beginning of the rainy season) to 54% in September (dry season). Morever, tungiasis is very frequent in dogs (62,3%), with edema (95,8%), hyperkeratosis (85,9%) and excessive licking (8,(%). In a traditional brasilian fishing community, the prevalence of tungiasis was 39% in human and 59% in pets. The prevalence was higher in households members with infested pet (42%), than in household without infested pet 27%) with a higher intensity of infestation (mean 6 lesions versus 4). In such a village, the knowledge about the tungiasis is high (90%): transmission by sandy soil (84%), presence of pets (59%), walking barefoot (23%).
Conclusion. Extraction of embedded using unsterile needle was very common (97%), with a use of different topical products and medical ointments. So, tungiasis is associated with poverty and endemic in Amazonian area according to the local season and the correlation with infested dogs and the prophylaxis is very difficult
Observations. This parasitic disease is common in Amazonian area. It is frequent in French Guyana, among the people living in the forest, where children and adults walk barefoot, but there is no epidemiological study on it. In a village of native Amerindian in Colombia, a study, during 10 years, detected 942 cases. Severe cases (>20 lesions) occurred among children and elderly, with complications such as pain, infection, toe deformities. 3 patients died due to sepsis from the toe infections. In this area, 62% of the dogs are infected. In Fortaleza area (Brazil), 142 cases were identified, with a mean of 17 lesions (from 1 to 98 lesions), with nail loss (46%), abcesses (42%), deformation of digits (25%) and walking difficulty (59%). The prevalence varied according to the season from 14,8% of cases in january (beginning of the rainy season) to 54% in September (dry season). Morever, tungiasis is very frequent in dogs (62,3%), with edema (95,8%), hyperkeratosis (85,9%) and excessive licking (8,(%). In a traditional brasilian fishing community, the prevalence of tungiasis was 39% in human and 59% in pets. The prevalence was higher in households members with infested pet (42%), than in household without infested pet 27%) with a higher intensity of infestation (mean 6 lesions versus 4). In such a village, the knowledge about the tungiasis is high (90%): transmission by sandy soil (84%), presence of pets (59%), walking barefoot (23%).
Conclusion. Extraction of embedded using unsterile needle was very common (97%), with a use of different topical products and medical ointments. So, tungiasis is associated with poverty and endemic in Amazonian area according to the local season and the correlation with infested dogs and the prophylaxis is very difficult
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